Cytoscape 3.2.16/15/2023 In contrast, take the case of some coffee plantations which, despite altering vegetation structure of a community, still provide protection to a number of native species ( Martínez et al., 2005 Perfecto & Vandermeer, 2015 Perfecto, Rice, Greenberg, & Van der Voort, 1996). For example, agricultural areas may drive reduced species richness but such effects can be more acute with the prevalence of cultivated species, intensive land management and short cultivated cycles ( Scales & Marsdens, 2008). However, such relationships are not necessarily straightforward and linear. Land use change and deforestation have been shown to affect the biodiversity of many taxa ( Barragán, Moreno, Escobar, Halffter, & Navarrete, 2011 Brown, 1997 Schulze et al., 2004 Vidal, López-García, & Rendón-Salinas, 2014). Although it is intuitive that land use change, tree cover reduction and increased human footprint are driving Mexican organic diversity to extinction, precise measurements or even a rough approximation of this is lacking. The human footprint in Mexico has been large and heterogeneous, and is explained by the complex physical geography, historic human settlements, technology use, and recent demographic explosion ( González-Abraham et al., 2015). At the same time, per capita forest area decreased by almost a third between 19 ( Mas et al., 2004 Velázquez et al., 2002). ![]() For example, Mexican agricultural areas have dramatically increased over the last 20 years ( Hansen et al., 2013). In the case of Mexico, the country has experienced a large change in land use ( González-Abraham et al., 2015 Mas et al., 2004 Robson and Berkes, 2011). Three variables linked with changes in land use are agricultural conversion, deforestation and human footprint ( Meyer & Turner, 1992). Finalmente, las especies de odonatos tienden a coocurrir en ensambles particulares con otras especies siendo claves en sus ambientes proveyendo estabilidad en la comunidad.Īt a global and local scale, changes in land use impose enormous pressures on biodiversity ( Foley et al., 2005 Newbold, Hudson, Hill, Contu, & Lysenko, 2015). Estos resultados indican que un cierto grado de disturbio arbóreo puede mantener niveles relativamente altos de riqueza de odonatos. Aunque nuestros resultados pueden tener el problema de muestreos incompletos, existió una relación positiva entre la riqueza de especies y la cobertura arbórea, y una relación cuadrática con la huella humana. Los registros geográficos fueron más abundantes en áreas de bosque y de agricultura, y decrecieron en áreas sin vegetación. Se usaron registros de recolectas de odonatos del 2000 al 2014. También se analiza cómo las especies de odonatos coocurren para interpretar nuestros análisis de riqueza usando una perspectiva de la comunidad. Por lo tanto, se evalúa aquí la riqueza de los odonatos en México en términos de uso de suelo, cobertura arbórea y huella humana. Esto es particularmente predominante en especies con ciclos de vida complejos, por ejemplo los odonatos (libélulas y caballitos del diablo). No es claro cómo el cambio de uso de suelo, la reducción en la cobertura arbórea y la huella humana impactan la ocurrencia y coocurrencia de las especies especialmente a una gran escala regional. ![]() Further studies should detail the role these key species play in their environments to provide community stability. Finally, species tend to co-occur in particular ensembles with some species being key in their ecological communities. These results indicate that some degree of forest disturbance may still sustain relatively high odonate richness levels. Although our results may suffer of incomplete samplings, there was a positive relationship between species richness and tree cover, and a quadratic relationship with human footprint was observed. Odonate geographical records were more abundant in forest and agricultural areas, and decreased in areas without vegetation. We used odonate collecting records from year 2000 to 2014. We also analyzed how odonate species co-occur to interpret our richness analysis using a community perspective. We evaluated richness of odonates in Mexico in terms of land use, tree cover and human footprint. ![]() ![]() This is particularly prevalent for species with complex life cycles, for example odonates (dragonflies and damselflies). It is unclear how land use change, reduction in tree cover and human footprint impact species occurrence and co-occurrence especially at a large regional scale.
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